Washing machine



NOV. 20, 1934. K HN ET AL 1,981,456

WASH I NG MACHINE Original Filed Nov. 28, i931 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 1934- e.KUHN Er AL 1,981,456

WASHING MACHINE Original Filed Nov. 28, 1931 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 I gnwntoulI (iw ye amzzrz NOV. 20, G, KUHN ET AL WASHING momma Original Filed Nov.28, 1931 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 gmwmtom 6&0 KW Mir/Y. awning Patented Nov. 20,1934 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE I WASHING momma George Kuhn, TakomaPark, MIL, and Vladimir A. Grodsky, Washington, I '0.

Application November 28, 1931, Serial No. 577,828 Renewed April 2, 193414 Claims.

the articles to be washed of moving mechanical parts.

According to the general principle of the invention, a washingcompartment is provided through which the cleansing medium, ordinarilywater, is circulated by means located externally of the compartment. Inthe actuation of the device, the water is moved through the compartmentfirst in one direction and then in the opposite direction. Morespecifically, the invention contemplates a cylinder disposed below thewashing compartment and having an activating piston reciprocabletherein, the cylinder being in communication at one end with one end ofthe 20 Washing compartment and at the other end with the other end ofthe washing compartment. In this manner, circulation of the waterthroughout the washing compartment is assured upon actuation of thepiston, the quantity of water displaced in the washing compartment uponeach movement of the piston naturally depending upon the relative sizesof the washing compartment and cylinder and the stroke of the piston.

While the machine of the present invention is 30 well adapted for manualoperation since it affords a maximum effect for a minimum efiort, theinvention also contemplates the combination with the machine of poweractuating means therefor. Any suitable prime mover, such as an electricmotor, together with an operating train to cause reciprocation of theactivating piston thereby, may be used. As a simple and effective motivemeans for the activating piston we prefer, in some embodiments of theinvention, to use a reciprocating water motor disposed in alignment withthe piston and secured directly thereto. We have found by experimentthat a water motor constructed generally as hereinafter to be de-.

fill the same or to the motor to operate the ma-' chine. An extremelysmall quantity of water is required for the operation of the motor andif desired, this water may be caught for rinsing purposes.

Due to the fact that the water agitating or cir- "culating means per seis disposed exteriorly of the washing compartment, frangible articlesmay be washed without danger of breakage. While the machine is admirablyadapted to domestic use as both a clothes washer and dish washer, it

is not restricted as to size and is well adapted for use in industrialestablishments.

Outside of the general features of the invention above discussed, theinvention comprises a considerable number of detail features which willappear from the description hereinafter of embodiments of the inventionshown in the accompanying drawings. The disclosure herein is merelyillustrative of the invention, as will be understood, and is not to beconsidered as restrictive thereof.

In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 is a vertical section of amanually operable machine constructed in accordance with the presentinvention;

Figure 2 is a plan view of the machine shown in Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a perspective of details appearing in smaller scale inFigures 1 and 2;

Figure 4 is an elevation of a modified form of washing compartment;

Figure 5 is a vertical section of a modified form of machine embodying awater motor;

Figure 6 is a plan view of the machine of Figure 5;

Figure 7 is a transaxial section of a rotary valve shown in Figure 5 andforming the control means for the reciprocating water motor shown inFigure 5;

Figures 8, 9, and 10 are enlarged sectional views of modified forms ofwall portions for the washing compartment;

Figure 11 is an elevation partly in section of a modified form of powerdriven machine provided with a distributing valve;

Figure 11a is a view of suitable means for connecting the distributingvalve of Figure 11 with the source of water supply;

Figure 111) is a section substantially on the line 11b11b, Figure 11.

Figures 12, 13, and 14 are diagraminatical views showing positions ofadjustment of the distributing valve of Figure 11 and Figure 15 is anelevationshowing a wringer and mounting in combination with the'machineof the present invention.

Referring now to the drawings, and first ,to

Figures 1 to 3, referencenumeral 16 designates a container or shellcomprising side and bottom walls, the side walls being rectangularlyarranged so that the cross section of the container is substantially. asquare. Within the container 16 is set a cylinder 1'7, the cylinderpreferably having a close fit along vertical lines with the walls of thecontainer so that each imparts rigidity to the other. As clearly shownin Figure 1, the

,top of the container extends above the top of the cylinder and thebottom of the cylinder proper is spaced abovethe bottom wall of thecontainer by means of spacing feet. as at 18. In effect, the comerportions of the container 16 constitute channel members defining, incone junction with the wall portions of the cylinder spanned thereby,tubular passages connecting the top and bottom of the cylinder.

At a point rather-adjacent the lower end of of a plate 23 which may besuitably reinforced and which has a cylindrical outer flange 24 providedwith a circumferential recess for the reception of a packing ring 25,which may conveniently be of rubber tubing or the like.

A- perforate cover plate 26 is supportable on the ripper edge ofcylinder 17, propen. seating of the cover plate being secured by meansof a depending flange 2'! engaging the inner' upper margins of thecylinder. Centrally, the cover platev 26 is provided with a gland 28through which the upper. end of piston rod 22 passes.

A. flanged cover 29, here shown 'as being upwardly convex, fits closelyover the top of container 16 and when in operative position, engagesupwardly extending pedestals 30 secured to cover plate 26 so that thelatter'is retained in" seated position. The extreme upper end of pistonrod 22 is passed through a gland 31 mounted centrally of cover 29.

In order to'hold cover 29 securely on the top of container 16, as shownin Figure -1, it is provided on opposite sides with pivoted hasps 32 and33, the hasps having cross portions as at 34, Figure 3, adapted toengage beneath the cocentric cam-like under surfaces of ears 35presented .by brackets'as' at 36 secured near the upper end of thecontainer 16. Upon swinging the hasps downwardly from the full lineposition of Figure 3-. to the dotted line position, a

. downward camming action is exerted thereupon,

so that cover 29 is drawn tightly against the upper edges of container16. In order that the hasps may not be accidentally'disl ged, cars '35may be provided with aligned apertures 35' in which are engageable pinsas at 3'! so that the pins may be positioned outwardly of the hasps incorrugations as at 32 Hasp 33 has an extended pintle 38, the outer endsof. which are engaged by the arms of a forked link 39 to provide apivoting'axis for the latter. To the other endof the link is pivoted oneend of a lever 40 which at a medial port on is pivotally engaged in thebifurcated upper end of piston rod 22 by means of a pin 41.

Above partition 19, cylinder '17 constitutes the side walls of a washing'compartment 42 while below the partition, it defines a piston compartment 43. The upper end of compartment 42 is closed by the perforatecover 26, while the upper end of container 1616s closed by -theimperforate cover 29. In operation, starting from the position shown inFigure 1, hasps 32 and 33 are disengaged from their interengaging meansand pin 41 removed, whereupon covers 26 and 29 may be Qid upwardly andoil the upperend of piston rod 22. The articles to be washed arenowloaded into compartment 42 and the shell illled with water to a levelintermediate the tops of the container 16 and cylinder 17. Hereupon thecovers 26 and 29 are replaced and secured and pin 41 reinserted. Upon anupwardmovement of the free end of lever 40, which is provided with ahandle 40', piston 23 rises and lifts the water thereabove. The waterintermediate the piston and partition 19 is forced through the aperturesof the latter in'strong jets which impinge upon and pass through orincontact with the articles in the washing compartment. The water abovepartition 19 is caused to rise to the extent of the piston stroke andpasses through the perforate cover 26 to be drawn downwardly through thecorner passages as at 43 and 44, existing between the cylinder and thecorners of the container,-due to the suction'effeet at the lower side ofthe piston. It will be understood that the water passes from theexterior of cylinder 1'1 to the piston compartment through the openingsexisting between the spacing feet 16. Upon downward movement of lever40; a reverse cycle is enforced, water being-drawn through theperforations of cover 26 in powerfuljets and-escaping from the washingcom- In that the piston stroke is about half the height of the washingcompartment. Thus, upon each .stroke of the piston, a major portion ofthe fluid contents of the washing compartment will be displaced, itbeing remembered that a considerable volume of articles to be washed arein the washing compartment. Consequently, renewal of the water within,the washing compartment by the water exterior thereof. is constantlyeffected.

Piston rod 22 is smooth surfaced so as to be without frictional effecton articles within compartment 42 and being the sole moving part withinthe compartment, it will beunderstood that the machine is well adaptedfor. use in washing frangible articles, such as dishes, as well asarticles of clothing. v

A cock 45 is provided at the bottom of container 16 for drainagepurposes. If it is desired to give the machine a thorough cleaningsubsequent to use, cylinder 1'7 may be withdrawn from coritainer 16 andthe piston, in turn, withdrawn from the cylinder sothat access to allparts may be had.

Additional agitational eifect may be secured if desired by the.utilization of a washing compartment having an intermediate constrictedportion as indicated at 46, Figure 4. This arrangement is particularlyeffective where articles of clothing are being washed and thecompartment is only partially loaded so as to enable the articles tomove upwardly and downwardly under the force of the top and bottom jetsand the moving body of water. The units shown in Figure 4 may be set,for example, within the container 16 of Figures 1 and 2,. as will bereadily understood.

In Figure 5, reference numeral 47 denotes an outer shell or containerand 48 a cylinder, generally similar to the container and cylinderdescribed with reference to Figures 1 and 2. The

cylinder, however, while being substantially continuous, comprises upperand lower portions 48" and 49, the upper portion having a perforatebottom 50 whose edges are received on a shoulder formed at the upper endof the lower portion, as shown. Wall 50 is centrally and upwardly offsetto form a cylindrical portion 51 concentric with.

the outer cylinder and inwardly spaced from the walls of the outercylinder 50 as to occupy a comparatively small space therein. Thecylindrical portion 51 as here shown is provided with a domed topclosure wall 52 provided withperforations, and also the outer walls ofthe cylindrical portion at their upper ends may be provided withperforations as shown. A piston 53 is reciprocable in cylinder 51 andhas a depending skirt portion 54 having a sliding fit in cylindricalportion 51 and flared at its lower end, as here shown, to form anintegral piston 55 of a size to cooperate with cylinder portion 49.Preferably. piston 55 is provided with radially extending reinforcingribs as The bottom 56 of container 47 is centrally apertured and to theupper margins thereof is secured the circular flange of a base member orcasting 57 provided with a downwardly offset portion 57' at its centerin which is screwed the lower end of a vertical cylinder 58 constitutingthe cylinder of a hydraulic motor. A piston rod 59 is passed through agland 60 at the upper end of cylinder 58 and interiorly of the latter issecured to a piston 61. The upper end ofthe piston rod is threaded andpassed through an aperture in piston 53, the latter being releasablysecured to the piston rod between a fixed abutment collar 62 and a wingnut 63.

A laterally extending arm 64 fixed to piston rod 59 has secured theretoa depending rod 65 whose lower portion is passed freely through anaperture in the angularly bent end 66 of a rod 67 guided for verticalreciprocation in brackets secured to the side of cylinder 58. The lowerend of rod 65 has an abutment element 65'- secured thereto.

The lower end of rod 67 is passed through a packed aperture 68 in thetop wall of member 57 and is pivoted to an oscillatable arm 69associated with a valve 70 which is shown in'detail in Figure 7.

Referring to Figure 7, valve 70. as here shown. comprises a casing 71provided with four radially directed ports at ninety degree intervalsinto which are connected the conduits 72, 73, 74 and 75. Within thecasing and separating the latter into two compartments by means ofdiametrically extending vanes is a rotary'valve member 76 fixed on ashaft 77 journaled in the casin Arm 69 swings freely about the axis ofshaft 77 and has pivoted to its enda pin '78 slidable in a guide member79 pivoted to the end of an arm 80 whose other end is fixed to shaft 77.A compression spring 81 is engaged between guide memin Figure 5.Consequently, piston 61 is forced to rise in cylinder 58 and carriespistons 53 and 55 with it. Piston 55 has the effect already de-'-scribed with reference to Figures 1 and 2, while piston 53 acts to forcejets of water through the apertures of its head portion. When abutmentmember 65' strikes the lower surface of angular portion 66 of rod 67,the latter will be moved upwardly. Eventually the pivot point of pin 78passes the line of arm 80 and spring 81, which, in the meantime, hasbeen furthercompressed, snaps arm 80 to a lower limit position whereinthe rotary valve member 76 is positioned to connect conduit72 withconduit 73, the latter leading to the top of cylinder 58, as indicatedin Figure 5. Rotary valve member 76, in its new position, also connectsconduits 75, 74 with the exhaust conduit so that water under pressure isnow entering the top of cylinder 58 and the water beneath the piston 61is being exhausted. Eventually, arm 64 strikes the angular projection 66and moves rod 67 downwardly until the pivot of pin 78 passes the line ofarm 80, whereupon the latter is snapped back instantaneously to thelimit position shown in Figure 7.

From the above description, it will be understood that so long as waterunder pressure is introduced into valve 70 through conduit 72, piston 61will be reciprocated and will cause circulation of water through thewashing compartment 82. In Figure 5, inlet conduit 72 has been shown ascontinued through a wall of container 47 so that a supply hose may beattached thereto, and it may be assumed that the exhaust conduit '75lies directly behind the inlet conduit. A drainage cock is provided asin the first described embodiment.

In order that the full effect of the jets issuing through the aperturesof wall 50 may be secured, the articles to be washed are preferablysupported on a grill such as is indicated at 83, Figure' 5, positioned ashort distance above wall 50. A cover 84 for container 47 is providedwith a central lifting handle knob 85 and has an inwardly depending bolt86 passed through a spacing frame 87 against which a perforate cover 88for the cylinder 48 is secured by means of awing nut 89 threaded on theend of the bolt. This construction enables both covers to be removedsimultaneously and to be separately cleaned when necessary. Also, forcleaning or other purposes, cylinder portion 48' may be readily liftedout of the container and thereupon pistons 53 and 55 may be removed uponunscrewing wing nut 63. Cylinder portion 49 may also be slid upwardlyand outwardly.

In order to prevent leakage about packing 68, the lower end of rod 67moves in an airtight cornpartment defined upwardly by the support 57 andat its bottom by a cover plate 90.

In Figure 11, the arrangement of partsis gen-- lower wall 91 ofcontainer or shell 92 is centrally and downwardly offset to form adownwardly closed compartment 93 which receives the motor cylinder 58and control valve 70. Further, a distributor valve generally indicatedat 94 is provided.

. drainage conduit for the container, it is positioned below the latter.

'5 The valve ,94' comprises a cylindrical casing 95 has three radialports about portion 96 of the .plug into which'are connec ited conduits9'7, 98,

and an elongated. rotary plug which in Figures 12 to 14 is shown asbeing cut in two parts 96 and 96' for convenience of illustration, theplug being rotatable by means of an external handle and pointer 9'7secured thereto. The casing 95 and 99. Similarly, the casing is providedwith three ports around plug portion'96 into which are connectedconduits 100, 101, and 102, the ports of each series being spacedsubstantially 90 as here shown. Conduit 9'7 is the inlet co'n-. duitleading from the source of water supply;

conduits 98 and 101 debouch into the bottom of container 92; conduit 99leads to the control valve conduit 102 leads from the control valve; andconduit 100 is the drain conduit.

With the plug in the position shown in Figu e 12', conduits 9'7 and 98are communicated through a recess 103 in plug portion 96 so that the container 92 may be filled, plug portion 96' closing conduit '101. When thereceptacle is filled and respectively to the conduits 72'and '75 ofFigure 7. Conduits 99' and102', Figures 11 to 13. corre-- I spondrespectively to conduits 73 and '74 of Figures 5 and I. When thewashing'operation has been completed, the valve plug is turned to theposition of Figure 14 wherein conduit 101 is communicated with .outletconduit 100 through the recess 104 and the container isdrained,'conduits 9'7 and 98 being closed by plug 96.

In many plumbing installations, the hot and cold water supply may bedrawn through a single spigot and under such circumstances, the supplyconduit 97 may be connected to the spigot by means of a section ofrubber tubing 105,- Figure 11a. Any suitable meansmay be provided forconnecting the tubing with the spigot and if the latter is unthreaded, atension band 106 may be utilized. Where there are two faucets, one forhot water and one for cold, a forked section of metal tubing 10'! may beinserted in the end of tubing 105,the branches of the metal tubingsection having flexible tubing sections 108 and 109 slipped thereove'rand securable to the spigots by means of tension bands 110 and 111, orin any other-suitable manner. In either instance,

the hot water supply may be led to the container and the cold watersupply to the motor without disturbing the connecting means.

In order that the jets issuing from thelower -wall of the washingcompartmeigi may. strike the articles to. be washed with co siderableforce, we have provided the grill 83, Figure 5, and the grill 112,Figure 11. If articles of clothing are to be washed, it is sometimesdesirable torestrain the mass against vertical movements and if lessthan a full load is in thecylinder 113, Figure 11,

grill 112-may be elevated to the proper position and secured therein bymeans of spring hooks Since this valve embodies a gravity as at 114 and115 adapted to engage in apertures 116 and 117 of vertically extendingrows formed in cylinder 113.

When a simple perforatewall such as at 50,- i

88, etc., of Figure 5, for example, is provided, there is a tendency forthe jetsto spread, due to lateral eddies. The strength of the jets canbe greatly increased if each perforation is in the form of. a tubularprotuberance as at 118, Fig- I ure 8, the protuberance-s acting asnozzles. In Figure 9, the protuberances 119 are shown as being inclinedto the plane of the perforate surface so as to have a tendency to movethe articles in the washing compartment around the axis of the latter. Asimilar efiect is secured in Figure 10, wherein the plate or-wallelement 120 is provided with inclined radial slots 121.

- Various effects can be secured by predetermined dispositioning of theperforate surfaces. For example, in Figure '5, the head of cylindricalportion 51 is adapted to direct jets of water throughout the upperportion of the washing compartment. This effect is very desirable wherearticles such as dishes are to be washed. Obvious- 1y, dish racks maybe-provided in which-the dishes are arranged, the racks being shaped tofit into the washing compartment and being readily insertable andremovable.

In Figure 15 we have shown a wringer provided with means for attachmentto the topv of the described containers or outer shells. In this figurethe container may be assumed to be that of Figure 1 for purposes ofdescription. The wringer designated at 122 is mounted on a flat support123, such as a board, which at its ends is provided with hasps 124 and125 engageable with the brackets 36 in the same manner as hasps '32 ahd33 described with reference to Figure 1.

It will be seen that we have providedan extremely simple machine whereinprovision is made for a maximum water circulation. Water is powerfullyimpelled through the washing compartment in opposite directions and inauxiliary variously directed jets as desired. Further, the water withinthe washing compartment proper is constantly renewed by the water in thecontainer outside, of the washing compartment. As an illustration ofthis latter point, assume that the piston stroke, Figure 11, is half theheight of'the water pmpartment and that the container 92 is filled. Evenwith no articles to be washed in the washing compartment, it will beevident that upward movement of the piston will displace half of thewater in the washing compartment and downward movement of the pistonwill cause the remaining half to move into the piston compartment sothat the washin compartment will be entirely filled withwater drawn fromthe external passages. Further upwardmovement of the piston causes thewater in the piston compartment to be powerfully injected into thewashing compartment to mix with I the water therein. I

While we have described the features of our invention in considerabledetail in order to enable the invention to .be readily practiced, wedesire to repeat that we do not limitourselves to the disclosure herein,either as regards de-- tails of construction of the washing machine perse .or as to the natureof the operating power to be used' in combinationherewith: Many changes may be made without departure from the scope ofthe followingclaims which define the.

invention.

partment and communicate the latter with the nicating passage betweenthe lower end of the lower cylindrical portion and the upper end of theupper cylindrical portion.

2. A washing machine comprising upper and lower cylindrical portionsseparated by a perforate partition, said partition havingan upwardlyextending cylindrical portion centrally r thereof and spaced from thewalls of said upper cylindrical portion, a piston in said lowercylindrical portion and a piston in said upwardly extending cylindricalportion, means for reciprocating said pistons in unison, and a fluidcommunicating passage between the lower end of the lower cylindricalportion and the upper end of the upper cylindrical portion, said,upwardly extending cylindrical portion having laterally directedperforations at its upper end.

3. A washing machine comprising upper and lower cylindrical portionsseparated by a perforate partition, said partition having an upwardlyextending cylindrical portion centrally thereof and spaced from thewalls of said upper cylindrical portion, a piston in said lowercylindrical portion and a piston in said upwardly extending cylindricalportion means for reciprocating said pistons in unison, and a fluidcommunicating passage between the lower end of the lower cylindricalportion and the upper end of the upper cylindrical portion, saidupwardly extending cylindrical portions having laterally directedperforations at its upper end and being provided with a perforate topclosure.

4. Structure according to claim 1 wherein one of the pistons has adepending skirt portion radially expanded at its lower end to form thesecond piston.

5. Structure according to claim 1 wherein one of the pistons has adepending skirt portion radially expanded at its lower end to form thesecond piston, the piston reciprocating means being disposed at leastpartially within said skirt por- .tion.

6. In a washing machine, a washing compartment, means for circulatingwater in said compartment, a water motor operatively connected to saidmeans, and means including a distributing valve selectively adapted inone position of adjustment of the valve to deliver water to saidcompartment, in another position to deliver water to said motor and topass the exhaust from the motor, and in still another position to drainsaid compartment. I

'7. A machine of the class described comprising an upright cleaningcompartment having a perforate bottom, said perforate bottom beingvertically adjustable and means being provided for retaining the same inadjusted position through engagement with the walls of said compartment,9. cylinder below the said compartment, means providing fluid passagesbetween the ends of the cylinder and the top and bottom of saidcompartment respectively, a piston in said cylinder substantiallyfilling the same transversely, and

means for reciprocating said piston to force liq-; uid back and forththrough said passages and said compartment. a

8. A machine of the class described compris- 4 ing an upright containerhaving bottom and side walls and being substantially polygonal in crosssection, a substantially continuous upright cylinder within saidcontainer and having upper and lower edges spaced below the top andabove the bottom of the container respectively whereby passages aredefined between the cylinder and the corners of the container, saidpassages connecting the top and bottom of the cylinder, a perforatepartition dividing the cylinder into upper and lower compartmentsofwhich the top' compartment is a cleaning compartment, a piston in thelower compartment substantially filling the same transversely, and meansfor reciprocating the piston to force liquid back and forth in saidupper compartment.

9. A machine of the class described comprising an upright containerhaving bottom and side walls and being substantially polygonal in crosssection, a substantially continuous upright cylinder within saidcontainer and having upper and lower edges spaced below the top andabove the bottom of the container respectively whereby passages aredefined between the cylinder and the corners of the container, saidpassages connecting the top and bottom of the cylinder, a perfor'atepartition dividing the cylinder into upper cover for said cylinder, apiston in the lower compartment substantially filling the sametransversely, and means for reciprocating the piston to force liquidback and forth in said upper compartment.

10. A machine of the class described comprising a compartment having atop loading opening and a perforate bottom for the support of articlesto be treated, a vertical cylinder below said compartment with its topend in fluid communication with said compartment through said perforatebottom therelbeing a passage connecting the bottom of the cylinder withthe top of said compartment, a piston in said cylinder substantiallyfilling the same transversely, and means for reciprocating said pistonwhereby upon movement of the piston in one direction liquid in thecylinder above the piston is delivered to one end 4 with the compartmentwall, said passage connector said compartment and liquid in saidcompartment is simultaneously withdrawn from the other end thereof intothe cylinder below the piston, the fluid movement being reversed uponmovement of the piston in the opposite dfl'ection.

12. A machine of the class described comprising upper and lowersubstantially cylindrical portions or substantially the same diameterdisposed on a 3 common vertical axis, the upper cylindrical pordricalportion with the upper end of the upper. cylindrical portion, a pistonin said lower cylintion having a top loading opening, a perforate wallfor the support of articles to betreated separating said cylindricalportions, there being a passage connecting the lower end of the lowercylindrical portion substantially fllling the latter transversely, andmeans including a motor below said piston for reciprocating the same,whereby upon-movement oi the piston in one direction, liquid in thelower cylindrical portion above the piston is delivered to one end oitheupper cylindrical portion and liquid in the latter is simul-- taneouslywithdrawn from the other end thereof into the cylinder below the piston,the fluid movement being reversed upon movement of the piston in theopposite direction.

13. A machine of the class described comprising upper and lowersubstantially cylindrical portions of substantially the same diameterdisposed on a common vertical axis, the upper cylindrical portion havinga top loading opening, a perforate wall for the support or articles tobe treated separating said cylindrical portions, means extendinglongitudinally of said cylindrical portions and defining wall portionsof a plurality of tubular passages connecting the lower end of the lowercylindrical portion with the upper end or the upper cylindrical portion,a piston in said lower cylindrical portion and substantially flllingthelatter transversely, and means including a motor below "said piston forreciprocating the same whereby upon movement of the piston in onedirection, liquid in the lower cylindrical portion above the piston isdelivered to one endof the upper cylindrical portion and liquid in thelatter is simultaneously withdrawn from the other end thereof into thecylinder. below the piston, the fluid movement being reversed uponmovement of the

